Certain trace gases in the atmosphere are able to absorb electromagnetic energy from the reflection of solar radiation from the Earth's surface. These gases have been increasing steadily and there is concern that they will change global climatic conditions by warming the atmosphere--the so-called ``greenhouse effect.'' Many of these gases originate from biological systems. The Biogeochemistry of Global Change discusses the role of radiative trace gases in this process. The disciplines covered in the book include microbiology, geochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, plant physiology, oceanography and limnology, and soil science. This diversity allows for cross-fertilization, achieving a better understanding of the complex mechanisms for biological and chemical formation, the destruction of trace gases, and the manipulation of ecosystems. Some of the topics covered include: biological mechanisms of formation and destruction of various ``greenhouse'' gases (such as methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, dimethylsulfide, and chlorofluorocarbons); the outward and consumptive flux of trace gases from marine and terrestrial systems (including anthropogenic sources); global trace gas modeling studies; the atmospheric physical and chemical reactions of trace gases; and the environmental significance of various trace gases in ancient and current atmospheres. The Biogeochemistry of Global Change provides both reviews and primary source material for active researchers in this field and for microbiologists and atmospheric chemists.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Paleoatmospheres and Climates.- Biogeochemical Cycles of Carbon on a Hierarchy of Time Scales.- Ice Core Records as a Key to Understanding the History of Atmospheric Trace Gases.- Ancient Ice Air Content of the Vostok Ice Core.- Late Jurassic Paleoclimate of Pangea Based on Results from a General Circulation Model.- Distributions, Reactions, Sources, and Sinks.- The Sensitivity of the Global Atmosphere to Anthropogenic Methane Sources.- A Time-Dependent Two Dimensional-Model Study of the Trend in Atmospheric Methane.- The Influence of Tropical Biomass Burning on Climate and the Atmospheric Environment.- Long-Term Effects of Fossil-Fuel-Burning and Deforestation on Levels of Atmospheric CO2.- Models of Oceanic and Terrestrial Sinks of Anthropogenic CO2: A Review of the Contemporary Carbon Cycle.- Terrestrial Systems.- Agriculture, the Global Nitrogen Cycle, and Trace Gas Flux.- Sulfur Gas Emissions from African Savanna-Burning.- Methane Production and Uptake in Some Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Former USSR.- Emission of N-Oxides from Acid Irrigated and Limed Soils of a Coniferous Forest in Bavaria.- Production of Methane and Nitrous Oxide by Organic Soils within a Northern Hardwood Forest Ecosystem.- Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in Irrigated Corn.- Nitric and Nitrous Oxide Evolution from Managed Subtropical Grassland.- Mechanisms Controlling Methane Emission from Wetland Rice Fields.- Mechanism of Methane Transport by Rice Plants.- Spatial and Temporal Variations of Methane Flux from a Rice Paddy Field.- Soil Water Content and the Ratio of Nitrous Oxide to Nitric Oxide Emitted from Soil.- Respiration of Cultivated Histosols in Field and Laboratory Measurements and the Relationships between Respiration andSoil Properties.- Emission of Biogenic Sulfur Gases from Rice Paddies in Japan.- Emissions of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane from Cattle Slurry.- Sources and Migration of Methane-Rich Gas in Sedimentary Rocks of the Exmouth Plateau: Northwest Australian Continental Margin.- Boreal Systems.- Methane Emissions from Northern High-Latitude Wetlands.- Studies of Permafrost and Gas-Hydrates as Possible Sources of Atmospheric Methane at High Latitudes.- Aquatic Systems.- The Oceanic Global Methane Cycle.- Global Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes from Shallow-Water Marine Carbonate Frameworks.- Effects of Seagrass Die-Off on Benthic Fluxes and Porewater Concentrations of ? CO2, ? H2S, and CH4 in Florida Bay Sediments.- The Oceanic Distribution of Methane and Its Flux to the Atmosphere over Southern California Waters.- The Carbon Isotope Biogeochemistry of Methane Production in Anoxic Sediments: 1. Field Observations.- The Carbon Isotope Biogeochemistry of Methane Production in Anoxic Sediments: 2. A Laboratory Experiment.- Oxidation of Methane by Deep-Sea Mytilids in the Gulf of Mexico.- Seasonal Variations in the Isotopic Composition of Methane Associated with Aquatic Macrophytes.- Nitrogen Fixation and Denitrification in the Intertidal and Subtidal Environments of Tomales Bay, California.- The Influence of Glycine Betaine on Dimethyl Sulfide and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Concentrations in Seawater.- Sulfur Cycling in Laminated Marine Microbial Ecosystems.- Biological Consumption of Dimethyl Sulfide in the Marine Euphotic Zone: Results of Radioisotope Experiments.- Aspects of the Biogeochemistry of Methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California.- Biogenesis and Catabolism.- Bacterial Transformations of Organic Sulfur Compounds in Marine Environments.-Formation of Dimethylsulfide and Methanethiol from Methoxylated Aromatic Compounds and Inorganic Sulfide by Newly Isolated Anaerobic Bacteria.- Catabolism of Dimethylsulfide and Methane Thiol by Methylotrophic Methanogens.- Bromoperoxidases: Their Role in the Formation of HOBr and Bromoform by Seaweeds.- Microbiological Transformations of Low-Molecular-Weight Carbon Compounds in the Deep Subsurface.- Biological and Chemical Transformations of Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments.
