Orthobiologics

This book presents the evidence related to the use of injectable biologics to provide faster and better healing for musculoskeletal lesions and conditions. The authors discuss approaches, such as blood derivatives and cell concentrates, applied to lesions of muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones, meniscus and cartilage, as well as osteoarthritis. Chapters are written by some of the most influential opinion leaders in the field, with up-to-date review of the current literature, where the authors explore both the potential and the limitations of these minimally invasive and promising treatments.

Appealing to a broad readership, this book will be of interest to both laboratory research scientists and clinicians, including orthopedists, sports physicians, physiatrists, and regenerative medicine experts.

I. Injectable OrthoBiologics: Formulations and Rationale 1. Bone marrow-derived cultured stromal cells and Bone Marrow Concentrate.- 2. Adipose-derived cultured stromal cells and Stromal Vascular Fraction from adipose tissue.- 3. Synovial-derived cultured stromal cells.- 4. Amniotic, Placenta, and Umbilical cord-derived cultured stromal cells.- 5. Allogeneic cells: pros and cons.- 6. Steroid hormones.- 7. Cytokines, chemokines, alpha-2-macroglobulin, growth factors.- 8. Platelet-rich plasma: leucocyte-rich, leukocyte-poor, autologous conditioned serum, autologous protein solution.- 9. Amniotic tissue extract, placenta tissue extract.- 10. Extracellular vesicles (exosomes).- II. Injectable OrthoBiolologics: evaluation methods and results based on pathology and anatomy.- 11. Rotator cuff tendinopathy: cell therapy.- 12. Rotator cuff tendinopathy: biologics.- 13. Tennis elbow: cell therapy.- 14. Tennis elbow: cell therapy biologics.- 15. Patellar tendinopathy: cell therapy.- 16. Patellar tendinopathy: biologics.- 17. Achilles tendinopathy: cell therapy.- 18. Achilles tendinopathy: biologics.- 19. Plantar Fasciitis: cell therapy.- 20. Plantar Fasciitis: biologics.- 21. Ligament lesions: cell therapy.- 22. Ligament lesions: biologics.- 23. Meniscal lesions: cell therapy.- 24. Meniscal lesions: biologics.- 25. Muscle lesions: cell therapy.- 26. Muscle lesions: biologics.- 27. Fractures (incl. Nonunions): cell therapy.- 28. Fractures (incl. Nonunions): biologics.- 29. Cartilage lesions and Osteoarthritis of the knee: cell therapy.- 30. Cartilage lesions and Osteoarthritis of the knee: biologics.- 31. Cartilage lesions and Osteoarthritis of the hip and ankle: cell therapy.- 32. Cartilage lesions and Osteoarthritis of the hip and ankle: biologics.- III. Future directions 33. Pluripotent stem cells: Embryonic/Fetal stem cells and induced

pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.- 34. Gene therapy.- 35.Stimulation of the intrinsic stromal cell niche.- 36 Conclusions.