Th i s book had its orl gl n in the sympos i urn on "Polymers for Desalination" sponsored by the Division of Polymer Chemistry of the American Chemical Society and held in September, 1971 in Wash ington D. C. at the 162nd national meeting of the Society. However, the book is not simply the proceedings of that symposium. A num ber of additional papers were contributed by other workers in the field, and the original papers presented at the symposium have, for the most part, been expanded. The book thus represents a broad cross section of membrane research and development activities in the United States and abroad within the field of reverse osmosis. The purposes of the book are to bring attention to important new developments in this field, to suggest what the next generation of reverse osmosis equipment may look like, and to indicate where fur ther research and development are needed. The vast majority of the papers collected here represent work supported by the Office of Saline Water of the United States Department of the Interior, and the emphasis here is clearly on the application of the reverse os mosis process to water purification. However, many of the concepts, methods, and conclusions are expected to be useful in other areas of membrane science and technology.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
I. Fundamentals.- Water and Salt Transport in Hyperfiltration.- Concentration Polarization in Hyperfiltration Systems.- II. Cellulosic Membranes.- The Use of Solubility Parameters for Solvent Selection In Asymmetric Membrane Formation.- The Mechanism of Membrane Formation: Membrane Structures and Their Relation to Preparation Conditions.- Influence of Processing Variables on the Transport Properties of Cellulose Acetate Membranes. Ultimate Elongation, Birefringence, and Transport Characteristics.- Cellulose Acetate Blend Membranes.- Stabilization of Cellulosic Desalination Membranes by Cross1inking.- The Preparation and Properties of Styrene Grafted Cellulose Acetate Membranes for Desalination.- Continuous Casting of Asymmetric Tubular Reverse Osmosis Membranes.- III. Non-Cellulosic Membranes.- The Phenomenological Characterization of DP-1 Membranes.- Properties of Aromatic Polyamide and Polyamide-Hydrazide Membranes.- Morphology and Reverse Osmosis Properties of Sulfonated 2,6-Dimethyl Polyphenylene Oxide Membranes.- PBI Reverse Osmosis Membranes: An Initial Survey.- Reverse Osmosis Properties of Ionic and Nonionic Polymer Membranes.- Ionic Block Copolymers as Piezodialysis Membranes.- IV. Hollow Fibers and Small Tubes.- Hollow-Fiber Reverse Osmosis Membranes.- Development of In Situ Casting of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Tubules Through the Hydrocasting Method.- V. Composite Membranes.- Polyelectrolytes in Aqueous Solutions Filtration, Hyperfiltration, and Dynamic Membranes.- Polyacrylic Acid Composite Membranes for Brackish Water Desalination.- Tubular Ultrathin Cellulose Acetate Membranes for Water Desalination.- Preparation, Morphology, and Transport Properties of Composite Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Seawater Desalination.- X-Ray Studies of UltrathinDesalination Membranes.- Porous Tubulets for Desalination Barriers.- VI. Summary and Future Trends.- Future Trends of OSW Membrane Research.
