Sophocles (c. 497/6 406/5 BCE) was an influential ancient Greek playwright, one of the three great tragedians of classical Athens alongside Aeschylus and Euripides. Known for his innovations in dramatic structure, such as introducing a third actor and using painted scenery, Sophocles made significant contributions to the evolution of Greek tragedy. He wrote over 120 plays, though only seven have survived in complete form. His notable works include Oedipus Rex, which examines fate, identity, and tragedy through the downfall of Oedipus, the king of Thebes. Antigone, another major play, explores themes of family loyalty and justice, focusing on Antigone s defiance of King Creon s orders. Electra deals with vengeance, centering on Electra s desire to avenge her father s murder. Sophocles' plays often delved into complex characters and moral dilemmas, addressing the conflict between individual agency and fate. His works reflect on the human condition and continue to resonate with audiences, influencing both literature and theater. Sophocles is regarded as one of ancient Greece's greatest playwrights, with his works still studied and performed today. His legacy endures for their dramatic power and exploration of universal human issues.
