Substance P and Neurokinins

Sarajevo was the site of the first international meeting on substance P. It was held in 1961, thirty years after the first report of the discovery of substance P by Von Euler and Gaddum. The proceedings which follow are from a symposium held twenty-five years after the first meeting. These twenty-five years have seen a vast expansion in this field ofresearch. This family of peptides now includes a number of different mammalian and non-mammalian related peptides. Beyond the early physiological and pharmacological studies, there is important new information coming from the full spectrum of disciplines in the basic medical sciences, including molecular biology, which has given us important insights into the biosynthetic mechanisms of origin of these peptides. Montreal was chosen as the site for the 1986 meeting. The name given to it was "Sub­ stance P & Neurokinins-Montreal '86." This name was modelled after the one held in Dublin in 1982, but neurokinins were added to acknowledge the broader family of peptides. The meeting was held as a Satellite Symposium of the XXX International Congress of the International Union of Physiological Sciences in Vancouver. The venue was McGill University, and the dates were 21-23 July, 1986.

I. Synthesis; Metabolism; Molecular Biology; New Neurokinins.- 1. Substance P and Neurokinins.- 2. Cloning and Expression of Rat and Human Tachykinin Genes.- 3. Structure, Expression and Regulation of the Rat Preprotachykinin I Gene.- 4. Striatonigral Tachykinin Biosynthesis I. Effect of the Dopamine Antagonist Haloperidol.- 5. Thyroid Hormone Regulates Tachykinin Gene Expression in Rat Anterior Pituitary.- 6. Phylogeny of the Tachykinins.- 7. Metabolism of Tachykinins by Cell-Surface Peptidases.- 8. Structure and Post-Translational Processing of the Preprotachykinins.- 9. Substance P Content in and Capsaicin-Evoked Release from Dissociated Cultures of Rat Nodose Ganglion (Vagal Sensory) Neurons.- 10. Biosynthesis of Substance P and Neurokinin A in the Enteric Nervous System.- 11. Striatonigral Tachykinin Biosynthesis.- 12. Substance P Precursor Studies in Carcinoid Tumours.- 13. Chronic Neuroleptic Administration Reduces Striatal Substance P mRNA and the Localization of Substance P mRNA in Rat Brain by In Situ Hybridization.- II. Binding Assays And Conformational Studies.- 14. Multiple Receptors and Binding Sites for Tachykinins.- 15. Multiple Tachykinin Binding Sites in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues.- 16. 3H-Neurokinin B and [125I]-Bolton Hunter Eledoison Label Identical Tachykinin Binding Sites in the Rat Brain.- 17. Characterization of Tachykinin Receptor Subtypes Using Selective Ligands.- 18. Characterization of Binding of [125I] Iodohistidyl-Substance K to Tachykinin K-Sites in Hamster Bladder.- 19. Endothelial-Dependent Binding of [125I]-Bolton-Hunter Substance P in Blood Vessels.- 20. Tachykinin-Induced Phosphatidylinositol Turnover in Hamster Urinary Bladder.- 21. Conformationally Restricted Analogues of Substance P.- 22. Toward the Bioactive Conformation of Tachykinins?.- 23. Evidence for the Zipper Model in Tachykinin Receptor Binding.- 24. Effects of Substance P on the Binding of Ligands to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors on Torpedo Electroplaque Membranes.- 25. Interaction of Analgesic Capsaicin Analogs with Substance P Receptors.- 26. Tachykinins and Phosphatidyl Inositol Turnover in Rat Brain.- 27. Tyr8-Substance P Binding Study on a Plasma Membrane from Dog Ileum Smooth Muscle.- 28. Multiple Tachykinin Binding Sites in Hamster, Guinea-Pig and Rat Bladder.- 29. Tachykinin P-type Binding Sites in Dog Kidney.- 30. Substance P Binding Sites in Guinea-Pig Enteric Ganglia.- 31. Autoradiographic Localization of Substance P Binding Sites in Guinea-Pig Respiratory Tract.- 32. [125I]-Bolton Hunter Substance P Specific Binding Sites on Cortical Astrocytes from New Born Mouse in Primary Culture.- 33. Autoradiographic Distribution of Binding Sites for Iodinated Tachykinins in the Rat Central Nervous System.- 34. Neurokinin Receptors in Human Brain.- III Biological Assays; Tachykinin Antagonists.- 35. Receptors for Neurokinins in Peripheral Organs.- 36. Substance-P-Induced Desensitization in Canine Cephalic Arteries is not Mimicked by Substance K, Physalaemin, or Kassinin.- 37. Multiple Neurokinin Receptors in the Rat Lower Urinary Tract.- 38. Structure-Activity Relationships of Neurokinin A and B.- 39. Tachykinin Antagonists with Cyclic Structures.- 40. Electrical and Mechanical Responses of Vascular Muscle to Tachykinis.- 41. [D-Pro2, D-Trp6,8, Nle10] -Neurokinin B: Pharmacological Profile of a Novel Neurokinin Antagonist.- 42. Isolated Arterial and Venous Vessels as Selective Pharmacological Preparations for Neurokinins.- 43. Neurokinin Fragments and Analogues as Selective Activators of Receptors.- 44. Mammalian Neurokinins: Structure-Activity Study of the N- and C-Terminals.- 45. Neurokinin Receptor Mechanisms in Smooth Muscle.- 46. Neurokinin Receptors in Guinea Pig Intestinal Muscle.- 47. Multiple Neurokinin Receptors in the Guinea Pig Ileum.- 48. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Agonists for the Neuronal Tachykinin Receptor in Guinea Pig Ileum.- 49. Tachykinin Activation of Muscarinic Inhibition in Canine Small Intestine is Substance P in Nature.- 50. Evidence for Three Distinct Peripheral Neurokinin Receptors Using a Putative Neurokinin B Antagonist.- 51. Identification and Localization of Substance P Receptors on the Endothelium of the Pig Coronary Artery.- 52. Activity of the C-Terminal Part in Tachykinins on Guinea Pig Ileum and Trachea Preparations.- 53. Relative Vasodilatory Potencies of Substance P, Deca-Substance P. and Nona-Substance P in the Canine Forelimb.- 54. Hemodynamic Actions of Substance P in Anesthetized Rats.- 55. The Effect of Substance P Antiserum on Responses of Guinea-Pig Isolated Ileum to Substance P and Acetylcholine.- 56. Antibodies as Tools for Studying Tachykinins and Their Receptors.- 57. Characterization of Spinal Actions of Ten Substance P Analogs.- 58. Substance P Antagonists and Analgesia: Do They or Don t They?.- 59. Substance P in Human Spermatozoa and Modulation of Sperm Motility by Substance P and Its Antagonists.- IV Distribution and Role in Peripheral Tissues.- 60. Effector Roles of Substance P in Peripheral Branches of Sensory Neurons.- 61. Tachykinins and Gastrointestinal Propulsion in the Rat In Vivo.- 62. Substance P Effects on the Long-Term Regulation of Adrenal Catecholamine Levels.- 63. Effects of Substance P and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation.- 64. Substance P Effect on the Secretory Process in Rat Parotid Gland.- 65. Effects of Substance P on Blood Flow of the Dental Pulp in Dogs.- 66. Influence of Anesthesia and Atropine on Plasma Extravasation Induced by Mammalian Tachykinins in the Rat.- 67. Tachykinin-Induced Plasma Extravasation in Rat Skin is Mediated Through the SP-P Receptor.- 68. Peptides as Promoters of Paracellular Permeability: A Novel Role For Tachykinins?.- 69. Release of Substance P from Isolated Guinea Pig Heart.- 70. Effects of Tachykinins on the Rat Stomach In Vivo and In Vitro.- 71. Endoluminal Substance P is Released by a Meal.- 72. Effect of Substance P and Neurokinins on the Endocrine Secretion of the Pancreas and Stomach.- 73. Development of the Substance P-Like Immunoreactive Innervation of the Mesenteric Vascular Bed in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats.- 74. Increase of Plasma Substance P- and Neurokinin A-Like Immunoreactivity During Carcinoid Flushing.- 75. HPLC and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Substance P-Like Immunoreactivity in a Human Pheochromocytoma.- 76. Role of Capsaicin-Sensitive Primary Afferent Nerves in the Neuroendocrine Copulation Reflex.- 77. Substance K-, Substance P-, and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-Immunorective Nerves in Female Reproductive Organs.- 78. Substance P- and Somatostatin-Like Immunoreactivity in Maternal and in Umbilical Cord Plasma and in Amniotic Fluid.- V. Roles Associated With Sensory Neurons.- 79. Effects of Spantide on Reflexes of Slow Time Courses in Isolated Rat Spinal Cord.- 80. A Depressant Action of Substance P on Spinal Nociceptive Neurons in the Rat and Cat.- 81. Physalaemin, Substance P and Neurokinin A Potentiate Purine-Induced Depression of Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurones in the Cat.- 82. Multiple Tachykinins and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in Capsaicin-Sensitive Nerves of Sympathetic Ganglia.- 83. Intrathecal Substance P Produces a Long-Term Inhibition of the Spinal Analgesic Effect of Noradrenaline.- 84. Pharmacological Modulation of Antidromic Vasodilatation Measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry.- 85. Capsaicin Sensitive Afferent Neurons Involved in Neuroendocrine Regulations.- 86. Sensory C Fiber Mediate Mucociliary Responses to Airway Irritants.- 87. Substance P Modulates Cholinergic Regulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor of PC12 Cells.- 88. Evidence of ACTH-Adrenal and Chronic Stress-Induced Down Regulation of Substance P in the Sensory Vagus Nerve.- 89. Substance P and Hypoxic Excitation of the Carotid Body.- 90. Immunochemical Studies on Substance P Release from Muscularis Mucosa of Opossum Esophagus.- 91. Substance P-Immunoreactive Fibers in the Trigeminal Sensory Nuclei of Pit Vipers, Trimeresurus Flavoviridis.- 92. Miotic Effect of Echothiophate Iodide in Humans: Possible Role of Iris Substance P.- 93. The Effects of Neurokinin A and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on Mucociliary Activity.- 94. Neurokinin A Excites Nociceptive and Non-Nociceptive Dorsal Horn Neurones in the Cat Spinal Cord.- 95. Modality Specific Analgesia Produced by Intrathecal Anti-Substance P Antibody.- 96. A Quantitative Study of Substance P and Cholecystokinin Coexistence in Primary Afferent Axonal Varicosities in the Rat Spinal Cord.- 97. Sciatic Nerve Stimulation and Substance P Release from Posterior Pituitary Lobe (PPL) in Rats.- 98. Neurokinin A as a Transmitter of Primary Afferents Involved in Thermal Nociception.- VI. Distribution and Roles in the Central Nervous System.- 99. Reflections on Substance P and Some Related Peptides.- 100. Regional Distribution of Neurokinin A and Substance P in the Rat Central Nervous System.- 101. Regulation of Substance P Immunoreactivity in GABA Neurons of Monkey Visual Cortex by Sensory Deprivation.- 102. Interactions Between Substance P and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Pain Control Mechanisms in the Rat.- 103. Central Modulation of Blood Pressure by N- and C-Terminal Fragments of Substance P.- 104. Effects of Tachykinins on Dopamine Release in the Striatum: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.- 105. Immunocytochemical Localization of Substance P-Like Immunoreactivity in the Human Hypothalamus.- 106. Substance P and Somatostatin-Like Immunoreactivities in Synaptic Glomeruli of the Rat Substantia Gelatinosa, as Revealed by Bi-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies.- 107. A Sex Difference in the Pattern of Substance P-Like Immunoreactivity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis.- 108. Suppression of Noradrenaline-Induced Ovulation by Administration of Substance P into the Third Cerebral Ventricle in Pseudo-Pregnant Rats.- 109. Spinal Actions of Substance P on Cardiovascular Responses in the Rat.- 110. Evidence for at Least Two Tachykinin Receptor Subtypes in the Mammalian Spinal Cord.- 111. Spinal and Supraspinal Substance P Antinociception: Synergistic Interaction.- 112. Substance P Empty Neuron: A Conceptualization of Organic and Functional Deafferentation Syndromes.- 113. Excitatory Effects of Substance P and Related Peptides on Oxytocin-Sensitive Non-Pyramidal Neurones in Rat Hippocampus.- 114. Electrophysiological Correlates of Bradykinin and Other Neuropeptides in Developing Rat Cerebral Cortex.- 115. Effects of an Amino-Terminal Fragment of Substance P on Brain Dopamine and Serotonin Metabolism.- 116. Effect of Carbamazepine on Substance P Content in the Rat Brain.- 117. Release of Substance P, Acetylcholine and Methionine Enkephalin from Mouse Cerebral Slices: Effects of Nicotine.- 118. Different Functional Roles for Substance P and Dynorphin in the Striato-Nigral Pathways of the Rat.- 119. Striato-Nigral Tachykinin Neurons and Influence from Striatal Dopamine and GABA.- 120. Substance P, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, and Serotonin Neurons Sprout in Cervical Ventral Horn of the Wobbler Mouse, a Model for Motoneuron Disease.- 121. Intra-Raphe Substance P5-11 but Not Muscimol-Induced Hyperactivity is Mediated by Serotonin Neurons.- 122. Heterogeneity of Central and Peripheral Tachykinin Binding Sites.- 123. Research on Tachykinins: Clinical Trends.- 124. A Network of Defense.