Economic Imperatives and Ethical Values in Global Business

religious values at the office door. Apartheid was an evil, and business had great power in South Africa. Where there is power, there is also responsibil ity. I prayed about this long and hard. I pushed the companies as much as I thought I could. There were advances and there were setbacks, but finally we prevailed and the Blacks of South Africa secured their freedom. My effort in behalf of the Sullivan Principles was only one of a number of significant efforts of the anti-apartheid movement. All of those other efforts must be recognized, as well. The Sullivan Principles and the manner in which they were implemented in South Africa were in the nature of a grand experiment in the sociopolitical change and economic uplifting of the Black people of South Africa. What is even more important is that the Principles were driven by an ethical and moral imperative, and were voluntarily implemented by a group of enlight ened United States multinational corporations. No grand design or vision is ever perfect. We fall prey to human follies, limited understanding of the future, and necessary compromises to seek not what is perfect but what is possible. Thus, any such effort is subject to criticism from those who seek ideological purity and those who seek to minimize the impact of change from the status quo . .

1 A Multinational Code of Conduct for South Africa.- 2 The Emergence of the Anti-Apartheid Movement.- 3 The First Step toward Implementation.- 4 Shaping the Organization.- 5 Measuring Progress.- 6 Eli Lilly & Company, Inc..- 7 Ford Motor Corporation of South Africa.- 8 Raising the Ante.- 9 European and Other Codes of Conduct for the Companies Operating in South Africa.- 10 Corporate Compliance with the Sullivan Principles.- 11 The Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986.- 12 The Anti-Apartheid Movement and Its Impact on United States Companies to Withdraw from South Africa.- 13 Stampeding toward the Exit.- 14 Repeal of the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986.- 15 The Rocky Road to Post-Apartheid South Africa.- 16 Assessment of the Sullivan Principles As a Role Model for Developing International Codes of Conduct.- About the Authors.