Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from explores the biological basis of regeneration in diverse animal species and how this knowledge can be applied therapeutically in humans. The contributors discuss the dramatic molecular and cellular changes that occur when a regeneration program is initiated, the progenitor cells and morphogenic signals involved, the formation of a blastema, the roles of reprogramming and polyploidy, the diversity of cell fates, the integration of new structures with existing body parts, and our current understanding of why some structures are more resistant to regeneration than others.