Nutritional Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Nutritional Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease presents studies on the important the role of nutrition in cardiovascular disease.
The book contains 37 chapters organized into four parts. Part I contains papers on experimental approaches to nutritional prevention of cardiovascular disease. These include studies on cellular mechanisms relating salt to hypertension; salt sensitivity in experimental animals and man; and the relationship between nutrition and cardiovascular disease in experimental animals. Part II presents epidemiological studies of regional differences in cardiovascular disease and dietary risk factors. These include coronary heart disease trends in Japan linked to dietary alterations; blood pressure and dietary factors among farmers in northern and southern China; and dietary factors of hypertension.
Part III focuses on clinical studies in nutritional prevention of cardiovascular disease. Topics covered include the role of dietary fat in regulating blood pressure and the effects of diet in mild hypertension. Part IV deals with dietary intervention for prevention of cardiovascular disease.

1;Front Cover;1 2;Nutritional Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease;4 3;Copyright Page;5 4;Table of Contents;6 5;Contributors;12 6;Preface;20 7;Acknowledgments;22 8;Part I: Experimented Approach to Nutritional Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease;24 8.1;CHAPTER 1. CELLULAR MECHANISMS RELATING SALT TO HYPERTENSION;26 8.1.1;I. CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF MINERALOCORTICOID ACTION;26 8.1.2;II. CELLULAR MECHANISMS RELATING ALTERED SODIUM METABOLISM TO CHANGES IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE FUNCTION;28 8.1.3;III. RELATED EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS;31 8.1.4;REFERENCES;34 8.2;CHAPTER 2. PRESENT VIEWS ON SALT SENSITIVITY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AND MAN;38 8.2.1;REFERENCES;42 8.3;CHAPTER 3. POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS;44 8.3.1;SUMMARY;48 8.3.2;References;48 8.4;CHAPTER 4. EFFECTS OF HIGH LIPID DIET ON ARTERIONECROSIS AS THE CAUSE OF HYPERTENSIVE CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE;50 8.4.1;I. INTRODUCTION;50 8.4.2;II. ARTERIONECROSIS;50 8.4.3;III. EXPERIMENTAL ARTERIONECROSIS;52 8.4.4;IV. HEALING OF MMCN;52 8.4.5;V. PREVENTION OF MMCN;55 8.4.6;VI. OCCLUDED ARTERIONECROSIS;56 8.4.7;SUMMARY;57 8.4.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;58 8.4.9;REFERENCES;58 8.5;CHAPTER 5. NUTRITIONAL CAUSATION AND PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE IN ANIMAL MODELS AND MAN;60 8.5.1;I. INTRODUCTION;60 8.5.2;II. ANIMAL MODELS FOR STUDIES ON PREVENTION;61 8.5.3;III. EFFECT OF SALT AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF SALT SENSITIVITY;63 8.5.4;IV. PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF PROTEIN;67 8.5.5;V. BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF LIPID AND FATTY ACIDS;70 8.5.6;VI. CONCLUSION;70 8.5.7;REFERENCES;72 8.6;CHAPTER 6. TAURINE AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION;76 8.6.1;I. INTRODUCTION;76 8.7;CHAPTER 7. A STUDY ON SUBSTANCES CAUSING VESSEL INJURY RELATED TO HYPERTENSION IN THE SUCROSE FEEDING OF SHRSp AND SHR;82 8.7.1;INTRODUCTION;82 8.7.2;EXPERIMENT I : NATURAL HISTORY IN SHsp AND SHR;83 8.7.3;EXPERIMENT II : COMPARISON OF SERUM AND AORTIC VESSEL CONSTITUENTS AMONG THREE KINDS OF FEED;86 8.7.4;DISCUSS
ION;90 8.7.5;REFERENCES;92 9;Part II: Epidemiological Studies of Regional Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Dietary Risk Factors;94 9.1;CHAPTER 8. RECENT TRENDS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN JAPAN IN RELATION TO DIETARY ALTERATIONS;96 9.1.1;INTRODUCTION;96 9.1.2;REFERENCES;108 9.2;CHAPTER 9. MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACIDS IN THE SERUM OF JAPANESE LIVING ON ISOLATED ISLANDS AND FARMING VILLAGES;110 9.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;110 9.2.2;II. METHODS;111 9.2.3;III. RESULTS;113 9.2.4;IV. DISCUSSION;120 9.2.5;REFERENCES;122 9.3;CHAPTER 10. BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIETARY FACTORS AMONG FARMERS IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN CHINA;124 9.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;124 9.3.2;II. METHODS;125 9.3.3;III. RESULTS;127 9.3.4;IV. DISCUSSION;133 9.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;135 9.3.6;REFERENCES;135 9.4;CHAPTER 11. DIETARY FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION;138 9.4.1;INTRODUCTION;138 9.4.2;THE ROLE OF DIET IN HYPERTENSION;139 9.4.3;EAST AFRICAN OBSERVATIONS;139 9.4.4;THE DIETARY EVIDENCE;141 9.4.5;CONCLUSIONS;146 9.4.6;REFERENCES;147 9.5;CHAPTER 12. NUTRITIONAL FACTORS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN THE GREEK ISLANDS HEART STUDY;148 9.5.1;INTRODUCTION;148 9.5.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;149 9.5.3;RESULTS;150 9.5.4;DISCUSSION;154 9.5.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;158 9.5.6;REFERENCES;158 9.6;CHAPTER 13. MIGRATION, HYPERTENSION, AND PACIFIC PERSPECTIVES FOR PREVENTION;160 9.6.1;INTRODUCTION;160 9.6.2;DISCUSSION;172 9.6.3;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;175 9.6.4;REFERENCES;175 9.7;CHAPTER 14. DIET, BLOOD PRESSURE AND MULTICOLLINEARITY;178 9.7.1;INTRODUCTION;179 9.7.2;METHODS;180 9.7.3;RESULTS;181 9.7.4;DISCUSSION;187 9.7.5;REFERENCES;188 9.8;CHAPTER 15. AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE CORRELATION OF URINARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM EXCRETION TO BLOOD PRESSURE IN CHINA A SURVEY OF 347 7 SUBJECTS FROM 15 AREAS;190 9.8.1;INTRODUCTION;190 9.8.2;METHODS;192 9.8.3;RESULTS;193 9.8.4;DISCUSSION;197 9.8.5;REFERENCES;199 9.9;CHAPTER 16. EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH ON OCCURRENCES OF HYPERTENSION, CORONARY HEART DISEASE, STROKE AND THEIR RISK FACTORS
A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF 2708 WORKERS AND FARMERS IN GUANGZHOU REGION, CHINA;200 9.9.1;SURVEY POPULATION AND METHODS;200 9.9.2;RESULTS;201 9.9.3;DISCUSSION;207 9.9.4;SUMMARY;212 9.9.5;REFERENCES;212 9.10;CHAPTER 17. DECLINE IN THE JAPANESE CEREBROVASCULAR MORTALITY IN RELATION TO DIETARY SALT AND NUTRIENT INTAKE;216 9.10.1;I. INTRODUCTION;216 9.10.2;II. METHODS;216 9.10.3;III. RESULTS;217 9.10.4;IV. DISCUSSION;222 9.10.5;V. SUMMARY;223 9.10.6;REFERENCES;223 9.11;CHAPTER 18. CHANGES IN RISK FACTORS AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY WITHIN TANUSHIMARU 19581982;226 9.11.1;MATERIALS AND METHODS;226 9.11.2;RESULTS;227 9.11.3;DISCUSSION;232 9.11.4;SUMMARY;233 9.11.5;REFERENCES;233 9.12;CHAPTER 19. "ALIQUOT CUPS," SIMPLE METHOD FOR COLLECTING CONSECUTIVE 24-HOUR URINE SAMPLES FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES;234 9.12.1;I. INTRODUCTION;234 9.12.2;II. MATERIALS AND METHODS;235 9.12.3;III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;236 9.12.4;IV. CONCLUSION;238 9.13;CHAPTER 20. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY OF JAPAN;240 9.13.1;INTRODUCTION;240 9.13.2;METHODS;241 9.13.3;RESULTS;241 9.13.4;DISCUSSION;245 9.13.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;246 9.13.6;REFERENCES;247 9.14;CHAPTER 21. THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON PATIENTS WITH GLUCOSE INTOLERANCERELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND FOOD INTAKES;248 9.14.1;INTRODUCTION;248 9.14.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;249 9.14.3;RESULTS;249 9.14.4;DISCUSSIONS;252 9.14.5;SUMMARY;252 9.14.6;REFERENCES;252 9.15;CHAPTER 22. EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID AND PLATELET FUNCTION IN JAPANESE;254 9.15.1;I. INTRODUCTION;254 9.15.2;II. MATERIALS AND METHODS;255 9.15.3;III. RESULTS;256 9.15.4;IV. DISCUSSION;260 9.15.5;REFERENCES;262 9.16;CHAPTER 23. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES IN OKINAWAN AND IN OKINAWANAMERICAN LIVING IN HONOLULU;264 9.16.1;INTRODUCTION;264 9.16.2;EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS AND METHODS;265 9.16.3;COMPARISON OF THE STATE OF HEALTH BETWEEN OKINAWANS AND OKINAWAN AMERICANS;266 9.16.4;COMPARISON OF CORONARY RISK FACTORS
BETWEEN OKINAWAN AND OKINAWAN-AMERICAN WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES;267 9.16.5;MEAN NUTRIENT COMTENT OF THE DIET, BASED ON A 48HOUR RECALL AND HOUSE TO HOUSE SURVEY IN OKINAWAN-AMERICANS LIVING IN HONOLULU;268 9.16.6;DISCUSSION;270 9.16.7;CONCLUSION;272 9.16.8;REFERENCES;272 9.17;CHAPTER 24. DIET AND SERUM LIPIDS IN JAPANESE CHILDREN;274 9.17.1;I. INTRODUCTION;274 9.17.2;II. MATERIALS and METHODS;275 9.17.3;III. RESULT;276 9.17.4;IV. DISCUSSION;278 9.17.5;V. SUMMARY;279 9.17.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;279 9.17.7;REFERENCE;280 9.18;CHAPTER 25. PLASMA LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS, APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I AND A-II CONCENTRATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH FAMILY HISTORY OF PREMATURE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE;282 9.18.1;I. INTRODUCTION;282 9.18.2;II. SUBJECTS;282 9.18.3;III. METHODS;283 9.18.4;IV. RESULTS;284 9.18.5;V. DISCUSSION;287 9.18.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;288 9.18.7;REFERENCES;289 10;Part III: Clinical Studies in Nutritional Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease;290 10.1;CHAPTER 26. CLINICAL STUDIES ON SALT AND HYPERTENSION;292 10.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;292 10.1.2;II. SALT RESTRICTION STUDIES;293 10.1.3;III. POSSIBLE CONFOUNDING FACTORS;296 10.1.4;IV. THEORETICAL METHODS;299 10.1.5;V. SUMMARY;301 10.1.6;REFERENCES;302 10.2;CHAPTER 27. DIET AND MILD HYPERTENSION;306 10.2.1;REFERENCES;309 10.3;CHAPTER 28. FAT INTAKE AND BLOOD PRESSURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION;312 10.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;312 10.3.2;II. FINNISH DIETARY INTERVENTION STUDIES;313 10.3.3;III. RESULTS;315 10.3.4;IV. DISCUSSION AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS;321 10.3.5;REFERENCES;322 10.4;CHAPTER 29. EFFECT OF WEIGHT LOSS ON THE RETURN OF HYPERTENSION AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF PROLONGED ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY;324 10.4.1;EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND METHODS;325 10.4.2;PATIENT ELIGIBILITY;326 10.4.3;RANDOMIZATION;326 10.4.4;STUDY DESIGN;328 10.4.5;INTERVENTIONS;328 10.4.6;RESULTS;329 10.4.7;INTERVENTION RESULTS;330 10.4.8;ENDPOINT RESULTS;331 10.4.9;DISCUSSION;334 10.4.10;THE EFFECT OF A PLANNED PROGRAM OF DIETARY INTERVENTION ON WEIGHT;335 10.4.11;RATE OF RELAPSE
OF HYPERTENSION WITHOUT DIETARY CHANGE;335 10.4.12;EFFECT OF WEIGHT REDUCTION;336 10.4.13;REFERENCES;338 10.5;CHAPTER 30. SHIMANE INTERVENTION STUDY-EFFECT OF REDUCING DIETARY SODIUM TO POTASSIUM RATIO ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE AGED PEOPLE;340 10.5.1;I. INTRODUCTION;340 10.5.2;II. MATERIALS AND METHODS;341 10.5.3;III. RESULTS;342 10.5.4;IV. CONCLUSION;343 10.5.5;REFERENCES;344 10.6;CHAPTER 31. EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF HIGHLY PURIFIED EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID ON PLATELET AND ERYTHROCYTE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH THROMBOTIC DISORDERS;346 10.6.1;I. INTRODUCTION;346 10.6.2;II. MATERIALS AND METHODS;347 10.6.3;III. RESULTS;348 10.6.4;IV. DISCUSSION;352 10.6.5;REFERENCES;353 10.7;CHAPTER 32. SIGNIFICANCE OF THROMBOXANE A2 AND PROSTAGLANDIN I2 IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE;354 10.7.1;I. Formation of TXA2 and PGI2;354 10.7.2;II. Plasma Levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1a in Coronary Artery Disease;355 10.7.3;III. Unstable Angina and Vasoactive Prostanoids;357 10.7.4;IV. Conclusion;359 10.7.5;REFERENCES;360 10.8;CHAPTER 33. SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES OF OUTPATIENTS OF THE NUTRITION CLINIC;362 10.8.1;I. INTRODUCTION;362 10.8.2;II. METHODS;362 10.8.3;III. RESULTS;366 10.8.4;IV. SUMMARY;371 10.8.5;REFERENCES;371 10.9;CHAPTER 34. THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF EXERCISE THERAPY FOR ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND A PROBABLE MECHANISM A PRELIMINARY REPORT;372 10.9.1;I. INTRODUCTION;372 10.9.2;II. MATERIALS AND METHODS;373 10.9.3;III. RESULTS;374 10.9.4;IV. DISCUSSION;376 10.9.5;V. SUMMARY;377 10.9.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;378 10.9.7;REFERENCES;378 11;Part IV: Dietary Intervention for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease;380 11.1;CHAPTER 35. NONPHARMACOLOGIC PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES;382 11.1.1;REFERENCES;390 11.2;CHAPTER 36. IS THE REDUCTION OF SALT INTAKE FEASIBLE IN A MODERN COMMUNITY?;392 11.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;392 11.2.2;II. INTERVENTION STRATEGIES;393 11.2.3;III. PRELIMINARY RESULTS;394 11.2.4;IV. DISCUSSION;401 11.2.5;AKNOWLEDGEMENTS;404 11.2.6;
REFERENCES;404 11.3;CHAPTER 37. THE CENTRAL AND ESSENTIAL ROLE OF NUTRITION IN THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND HYPERTENSION;406 11.3.1;INTRODUCTION;406 11.3.2;THE IMPORTANCE OF A STRATEGIC EMPHASIS ON PRIMARY PREVENTION;406 11.3.3;SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION OF EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE THE PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE BY NUTRITIONAL-HYGIENIC MEANS;408 11.3.4;SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION OF EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE THE PRIMARY PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HYPERTENSION BY NUTRITIONAL MEANS;410 11.3.5;THE DESIGNATION, "ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION": IS IT NOW ANACHRONISTIC AND DETRIMENTAL?;411 11.3.6;WHAT PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION IS "SENSITIVE" TO THE ATHEROGENIC AND BLOOD PRESSURE ELEVATING ASPECTS OF CONTEMPORARY EATING STYLES?;412 11.3.7;THE POPULATION-WIDE STRATEGY;414 11.3.8;ABILITY TO IMPROVE LIFE STYLES POPULATION-WIDE;415 11.3.9;ABILITY TO CURB THE EPIDEMIC;420 11.3.10;PERSPECTIVE;425 11.3.11;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;426 11.3.12;REFERENCES;426 12;Index;430