Mobile Schools

How can children in nomadic communities get access to education? This publication deals with the necessity and the development of a mobile school system for pastoralists (wandering shepherds) in Northern Kenya. The underlying system Ladders of Learning guides pupils and teachers with a reliable system for individualized learning in heterogeneous learning communities. The book gives a practical insight into international development cooperation, learning material development and teacher training in the school development project INES (Illeret Nomadic Education System).

Preface Why Do We Ask Questions?

Introduction

Part I Daasanach Pastoralists and Education Provision

1. How Do Daasanach Pastoralists Live?

1. 1 Homeland Area

1. 2 Livelihood

1. 3 Social Organisation

1. 4 Celebrations

1. 5 Indigenous Knowledge

2. Why Is Education Provision for Daasanach Pastoralists Difficult?

2. 1 Kenyan Primary Education System

2. 2 Ambiguity about Schooling and Education

2. 3 Standardised Curriculum

2. 4 Language Barrier

2. 5 Fixed Schools for Mobile Communities

2. 6 Lack of Infrastructure

2. 7 Alienation from Traditional Cultural Identity

2. 8 Lessons Learned

Personal Notes of the Authors

3. What Are International Approaches to Mobile Education?

3. 1 Tent Schools in Iran

3. 2 Radio Education in Mongolia

3. 3 Quranic Schools in Somalia and Kenya

3. 4 Mobile Schools in Kenya

3. 5 Lessons Learned

4. What Are the Wishes of Daasanach Pastoralists with Regard to Education?

4. 1 Which Form of School Service Is Desired?

4. 2 What Should Be Learned at School?

4. 3 Who May Attend School?

4. 4 What Are the Future Perspectives for Pupils?

4. 5 Who Should Teach?

4. 6 Lessons Learned

Personal Notes of the Authors

Part II International Cooperation

5. What Is the Pedagogical Perspective on Development?

5. 1 Development Education

5. 2 Education Should Foster Maturity

5. 3 Culture Dependency of Development

5. 4 Montessori s Development Pedagogy

5. 5 Lessons Learned

Personal Notes of the Authors

6. What Is the Pedagogical Perspective on Development?

6. 1 Changing Concepts and Definitions

6. 2 International Cooperation of INES

6. 3 Participation and Partnership Approach

Personal Notes of the Authors

7. What Is the Plan of the INES Project?

7. 1 Central Issue

7. 2 Forces and Actors

7. 3 Project Vision and Mission

7. 4 Partner Landscape

7. 5 Desired Outcome and Progress Markers

7. 6 Strategy Map and Tasks

Personal Notes of the Authors
Part III Learning System and Teacher Education

8. What Is the System Ladders of Learning About?
8. 1 Ladders of Learning Come from India

8. 2 Mobile School Concept with the System Ladders of Learning

8. 3 (De)Construction of Learning Contents

8. 4 Support System for Learning and Teaching

8. 5 Daily School Schedule

8. 6 Prepared Learning Environment

8. 7 Monitoring Tools

Personal Notes of the Authors

9. How Do the Learners Start Schooling?

9. 1 Relatedness-oriented Background

9. 2 Linear Structure of the Ladder of Learning

9. 3 Each Milestone Introduces a Different Domain

9. 4 Joyful Learning Activities

Personal Notes of the Authors

10. How Do the Learners Acquire Literacy?

10. 1 Literacy in the Mother Tongue

10. 2 Pastoralist Lifestyle in the Design

10. 3 Guidelines for the Learners

10. 4 Learning Activities

10. 5 Development Process

10. 6 Differences and Similarities of the First Two Ladders of Learning

Personal Notes of the Authors

11. How Does INES Develop Ladders of Learning?

11. 1 Analysis of the Mathematics Curriculum and Textbooks

11. 2 Mathematical Test with Daasanach Children

11. 3 Mathematical Field Researches in the Catchment Area

11. 4 Development Process of the Mathematics Ladder of Learning

Personal Notes of the Authors

12. How Does INES Empower Mobile Teachers?

12. 1 Community Participation

12. 2 Becoming a Mobile Teacher

12. 3 Preparation Module

12. 4 Module 1 - Basics

12. 5 Module 2 - Introduction Ladder of Learning

12. 6 Module 3 - Start of the Mobile School

12. 7 Further Modules Additional Subject Ladders of LearningConclusion

Afterword What Do We See Now?

Appendix Photographs and Graphics Works Cited