Trace Elements in Health

Trace Elements in Health: A Review of Current Issues presents how some metals affect health, growth, and well-being of man and animals in a variety of ways, when the amounts involved are excessive or deficient.
This book discusses the various aspects of trace elements in three points of view. First, the toxicological and beneficial properties are described in eleven chapters. Chapter 1 deals with general toxicological properties, while Chapters 2 to 11 reviews advances in the field of elements that include cadmium, copper, indium, thallium, lead, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, and transuranic series. The next chapters focus on the genetic effects, health of children, and birth rate problems related to trace elements. Finally, this text concludes with a discussion on the role of trace elements in agriculture, focusing on requirements of plants and animals, consequences of excesses and imbalances of trace elements in soils, and animal diets.
This publication is valuable to veterinarians and practitioners of disciplines such as physiology, dietetics, and medicine.

1;Front Cover;1 2;Trace Elements in Health: A Review of Current Issues;4 3;Copyright Page;5 4;Table of Contents;16 5;Dedication;3 6;Preface;6 7;List of contributors;8 8;Chapter summaries;10 9;Chapter 1. Toxicological properties of trace elements ;18 9.1;Introduction;18 9.2;Biological response to metals;18 9.3;Local toxicity of metals;20 9.4;Systemic toxicity of metals;24 9.5;Biochemical mechanisms underlying metal toxicity;30 9.6;Conclusions;33 9.7;References;34 10;Chapter 2. Cadmium in animal and human health;38 10.1;Introduction;38 10.2;Cadmium in man;39 10.3;Effect of cadmium on animals;45 10.4;References;57 11;Chapter 3. Copper in human and animal health ;61 11.1;Introduction;61 11.2;History;61 11.3;Copper in tissues and fluids;62 11.4;Metabolism of copper;68 11.5;Biological function of copper;71 11.6;Copper toxicity;76 11.7;Diseases of copper metabolism;78 11.8;Copper medicinals;80 12;Chapter 4. Indium and thallium in health;91 12.1;Introduction;91 12.2;Indium;91 12.3;Thallium;93 12.4;References;97 13;Chapter 5. Sources and effects of environmental lead;100 13.1;Introduction;100 13.2;Sources of environmental lead;101 13.3;Effects of lead on the central nervous system: neurobehavioural effects of lead;118 13.4;Lead toxicity and nutritional status;131 13.5;Conclusion;133 13.6;References;134 14;Chapter 6. Mercury in human and animal health;149 14.1;Introduction;149 14.2;Pathological effects on the nervous system;149 14.3;Pathological effects on the kidney;153 14.4;Pathological effects on the liver;154 14.5;Congenital methylmercury poisoning;156 14.6;References;163 15;Chapter 7. Molybdenum in animal and human health;167 15.1;Introduction;167 15.2;The distribution of molybdenum in animal tissues and fluids;167 15.3;Biochemistry of molybdenum;170 15.4;Pathologic states of molybdenum intake;176 15.5;Areas of interest for the future;179 15.6;References;180 16;Chapter 8. Selenium and health;184 16.1;Introduction;184 16.2;Selenium deficiency states in animals;184 16.3;To
xicity;190 16.4;Selenium and human related diseases;192 16.5;Recommended daily intake in man;194 16.6;References;195 17;Chapter 9. Zinc in animal and human health;199 17.1;Introduction;199 17.2;Zinc deficiency effects;200 17.3;Functions and mechanisms of action of zinc;201 17.4;Zinc toxicity;201 17.5;Zinc metabolism and homeostasis;202 17.6;Zinc requirements and effect of other factors on zinc metabolism;203 17.7;Zinc content and availability in foods and feeds;204 17.8;Other practical aspects;204 17.9;References;205 18;Chapter 10. Transuranic elements in animal and human health;210 18.1;Introduction;210 18.2;Sources of transuranic elements in the environment;211 18.3;Distribution and potential transport to animals and humans;214 18.4;Health effects on animals and humans;218 18.5;Conclusions;221 18.6;References;222 19;Chapter 11. Genetic aspects and trace element tolerance in man and animals;226 19.1;Introduction;226 19.2;Reproduction and growth;226 19.3;Sex-linked responses;228 19.4;Variable gene expression;229 19.5;Mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects;229 19.6;Mutagenic studies (in vitro);229 19.7;Mutagenic studies (in vivo);232 19.8;Teratogenic effect;232 19.9;Carcinogenic effects;232 19.10;Inherited trace element diseases;233 19.11;Resistance to xenobiotics;234 19.12;Mechanism of trace element tolerance;236 19.13;Intracellular inclusion bodies;238 19.14;Metalprotein complexes;241 19.15;References;243 20;Chapter 12. Trace elements and the unborn: review and preliminary implications for policy;248 20.1;Introduction;248 20.2;History;250 20.3;Sources of trace elements during pregnancy;251 20.4;Toxicity considerations;252 20.5;Specific elements;253 20.6;Discussion;261 20.7;References;263 21;Chapter 13. Trace elements in pregnancy;267 21.1;Introduction;267 21.2;Trace elements and disease;268 21.3;Essential trace elements in pregnancy and development;272 21.4;Toxic trace elements;279 21.5;Conclusions;282 21.6;References;285 22;Chapter 14. Trace elements and
the birth rate;288 22.1;Introduction;288 22.2;Materials and methods;289 22.3;Results;290 22.4;Discussion;300 22.5;References;301 23;Chapter 15. Trace elements in agriculture;303 23.1;Introduction;303 23.2;Trace element requirements of plants and animals;303 23.3;Function of trace elements in living organisms;306 23.4;Trace element problems in agriculture;309 23.5;Conclusion;317 23.6;References;318 24;Index;324